ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of different doses of budesonide/formoterol in the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients.Methods:A total of 200 inpatients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease graded C/D by global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) staging system who received treatment in Jiuquan City People's Hospital, China from January to December in 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group ( n = 100/group). Based on anti-infection and expectorant treatment, the treatment group was given inhalation therapy (higher dose budesonide/formoterol, 320 μg/9 μg), while the control group was identically given inhalation therapy (lower dose budesonide/formoterol, 160 μg/4.5 μg), with a total course of 9 days in each group. Before treatment and at 5 and 9 days of treatment, procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), percentage of eosinophils (EO%), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), lactic acid, interleulin-6 (IL-6), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1), the ratio of FEV 1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) were monitored in each group. COPD assessment test (CAT) score, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and symptom improvement were determined in each group. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in PCT and PaO 2 between the control and treatment groups (both P > 0.05). There were significant differences in PCT, PaO 2, FeNO, hs-CRP, E0 (%), IL-6, FEV 1, FEV 1/FVC, 6MWT, mMRC, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and CAT score measured at 5 days of treatment between the treatment and control groups ( t = 2.416, 3.289, 3.982, 4.871, 3.332, 4.098, 5.253, 6.214, 3.843, 7.268, 5.387, 7.392, 5.398, 6.349, all P < 0.05). There were significant differences in PCT, PaO 2, FeNO, hs-CRP, E0 (%), IL-6, FEV 1/FVC, FEV 1, 6MWT, mMRC, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and CAT score measured at 9 days of treatment between the treatment and control groups ( t = 2.508, 4.032, 2.948, 3.527, 3.118, 5.251, 5.325, 6.338, 2.907, 6.289, 3.246, 2.084, 2.151, 2.527, all P < 0.05). At 5 days of treatment, lactic acid level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 4.341, P < 0.05). At 9 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in lactic acid level between the control and observation groups ( t = 1.173, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the control and treatment groups [4%(4/100) vs. 5%(5/100), P > 0.05]. Conclusion:Inhalation of high doses of budesonide/formoterol can greatly improve pulmonary function, 6MWT performance, decrease mMRC and CAT scores, alleviate cough, expectoration, shortness of breath, and decrease serum levels of FeNO, hs-CRP, E0(%), IL-6 and other inflammatory factors. Inhalation of higher doses of budesonide/formoterol exhibits better efficacy in the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients than inhalation of lower doses of budesonide/formoterol.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of the Paecilomyces Lilacinuson extracellular polysaccharides on the phenotypic and maturation of murine dendritic cells. Methods: Imature DCs were induced in vitro from the murine bone marrow cells in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4, and then they were cultured with different dosage of the extracellular polysaccharides. The morphological characterization was analyzed under microscopy. The expressions of the DCs surface costimulating factors and phagocytic function to FITC-dextran were detected by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 secreted by DCs was observed by ELISA. At the same time the influence of DCs on the proliferation of T cells was determined by MTT. Results:Treating with the polysaccharides for 48 h could up-regulate the expression of DCs surface molecules,such as CD11c,MHCⅡ,CD80 and CD86,and the 400 μg/ml was the optimal dose,comparing with the blank control group, the difference was significant (P<0. 01), contrast to LPS control group that was not different ( P<0. 05 ) . The uptaking FITC-dextran ability of the DCs treated with 300 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml polysaccharides was significant lower than the unstimulated DCs(P<0. 05). At the same time the extract at different concentration could distinctly enhance the proliferation of T cells by DCs too. Conclusion:The extracellular polysaccharides could stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells and induce the production of mature dendritic cells.
ABSTRACT
The activity of the NK cells in patients with preeclampsia was studied to investigate the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. By using MTT and 51Cr releasing technique, the proliferation and killing ability of the NK cells in maternal and umbilical blood from preeclampsia patients (n = 18) and normal third trimester pregnant women (n = 18) were detected. The NK-92 cell line was as the positive control. The results showed that the NK cell counts of umbilical blood in preeclampsia patients and normal third trimester pregnant women were significantly greater than those of maternal blood (both P<0.05). Compared with that in normal third trimester pregnant women, the proliferative ability of the NK cells in preeclampsia patients was apparently increased (P<0.05). Compared with that in maternal blood, the proliferative ability of the NK cells in umbilical blood from both preeclampsia patients and normal third trimester pregnant women was dramatically increased. The killing ability of the NK cells in preeclampsia patients was significantly higher than that in normal third trimester pregnant women (P <0.05). It was suggested that both number and function of the NK cells in preeclampsia women were increased, and that in umbilical blood was greater than that in maternal blood, speculating that the function of the NK cells may affect the maintenance of the maternal and fetal immune tolerance during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology , Fetal Blood/cytology , Immune Tolerance , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/pathology , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Pre-Eclampsia/immunology , Pregnancy Trimester, ThirdABSTRACT
The activity of the NK cells in patients with preeclampsia was studied to investigate the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. By using MTT and 51Cr releasing technique, the proliferation and killing ability of the NK cells in maternal and umbilical blood from preeclampsia patients (n = 18) and normal third trimester pregnant women (n = 18) were detected. The NK-92 cell line was as the positive control. The results showed that the NK cell counts of umbilical blood in preeclampsia patients and normal third trimester pregnant women were significantly greater than those of maternal blood (both P<0.05). Compared with that in normal third trimester pregnant women, the proliferative ability of the NK cells in preeclampsia patients was apparently increased (P<0.05). Compared with that in maternal blood, the proliferative ability of the NK cells in umbilical blood from both preeclampsia patients and normal third trimester pregnant women was dramatically increased. The killing ability of the NK cells in preeclampsia patients was significantly higher than that in normal third trimester pregnant women (P <0.05). It was suggested that both number and function of the NK cells in preeclampsia women were increased, and that in umbilical blood was greater than that in maternal blood, speculating that the function of the NK cells may affect the maintenance of the maternal and fetal immune tolerance during pregnancy.